St. Francis Xavier Kidul Loji Church: Witness to the History of the Spread of Catholicism in Yogyakarta

theolingua.id – St. Francis Xavier Kidul Loji Church is one of the oldest churches in Yogyakarta and a witness to the history of the development of Catholicism in this city. Standing majestically at 22 Pangeran Senopati Street, Prawirodirjan, Gondomanan, this church has high historical value because of its existence that has spanned various historical periods, from the Dutch colonial era to the present day. This church building not only functions as a place of worship but is also part of the historical trail of the spread of Catholicism in Yogyakarta.

By the local community, this church is known as the ‘Gereja Kidul Loji’ or ‘Gereja Londo.’ The name refers to its location south of the Dutch residential complex (Loji) during the colonial era. In addition, at the beginning of its establishment, this church was more often used by congregations of European descent, making it increasingly attached to the name ‘Gereja Londo.’ However, over time, this church became a place of worship for Catholics from various backgrounds in Yogyakarta.

Origin of the name St. Francis Xavier Kidul Loji Church

The name ‘Kidul Loji’ comes from its location in the south (kidul) of the Dutch residential complex known as ‘Loji.’ During the colonial era, this area was the centre of Dutch government and military activity, so the presence of a church in this area shows the development of the Catholic community in the neighbourhood. The church building is part of the history of interaction between Catholic missionaries and the local community in spreading religious teachings in Yogyakarta.

Meanwhile, the term ‘Londo Church’ emerged because, at the beginning of its establishment, the church was dominated by Dutch congregations. Many officials and families of European descent worshiped at this church, making it a religious centre for their community. However, the church remained open to all Catholics who wanted to worship there, and over time more and more indigenous people joined in the religious activities at the church.

History and Development of the St. Francis Xavier Kidul Loji Church

According to historical records, before the construction of this church, a priest named Father YB Palinckx, SJ first built a rectory. The construction of the church was then carried out, and St. Francis Xavier Church was officially opened on 7 June 1871. Thus, this church has been standing for more than 150 years.

The name ‘St. Francis Xavier’ was given in memory of the first baptism that took place here on 3 December 1812. This date coincides with the feast day of St Francis Xavier in the Catholic church calendar. At that time, Father YB Palinckx, SJ baptised more than 500 people, marking the beginning of the spread of Catholicism in Yogyakarta.

The Role of the Kidul Loji Church in the Colonial Period and the Japanese Occupation

At the beginning of its establishment, the Kidul Loji Church was more often used by Dutch congregations. Although open to local Catholics, the presence of a large Dutch community made this church more synonymous with them.

When Japan occupied Yogyakarta during World War II, many Dutch people left this church. As a result, religious activities at the Kidul Loji Church decreased. After Indonesian independence, the church became part of the Bintaran Parish, which also included St. Yusup Bintaran Church.

In 1968, St. Francis Xavier Church became an independent parish again. Since then, the church has grown into one of the centres of Catholic activity in Yogyakarta, not only as a place of worship but also as a centre for various social and religious activities.

Renovation and Maintenance of Historic Buildings

As a building that has stood for more than a century, the Kidul Loji Church has undergone several renovations due to damage caused by natural disasters, especially earthquakes. It is recorded that the church has undergone restoration at least three times so that it can continue to be used safely by the congregation.

However, the main structure and architectural authenticity of the building have been preserved. This is done to maintain the historical and cultural value of the church, which has become an important part of Yogyakarta’s history.

Conclusion

St. Francis Xavier Kidul Loji Church is not just a place of worship, but also a silent witness to the history of Catholicism in Yogyakarta. Since the colonial era, this church has been a centre of religious activity for Catholics in the city. Its magnificent building reflects a blend of colonial architecture and religious values that have been maintained to this day. The role of this church is not only limited to worship activities, but also serves as a centre for various social and educational activities for the surrounding community.

From the colonial era to the modern era, this church has continued to carry out its function of serving the community and maintaining its historical heritage. Over time, this church has undergone various changes, both in the structure of the building and in the community of its congregation. Its strategic location in the city centre makes it one of the important landmarks that are worth visiting for anyone who wants to trace the history of the city of Yogyakarta. Until now, the Kidul Loji Church remains a symbol of diversity and religious tolerance in Yogyakarta.